This HISWG-led 2013 survey, spanning 64 townships and 456,786 people, highlights severe health challenges in Eastern Burma’s conflict-affected areas, including high child mortality and preventable diseases like malaria, diarrhea, and respiratory infections. Ethnic and community-based health organizations (ECBHOs) continue to be the main healthcare providers, serving 70% of the population, while only 8% accessed government services. Maternal health has improved, with more births attended by trained personnel and high breastfeeding rates, but acute child malnutrition remains at a critical level (16.8%). Although human rights violations have decreased since 2008, incidents such as forced labor and food seizure still occur and are linked to poor health outcomes. The report calls for stronger support to ECBHOs, formal recognition of their role, and the adoption of decentralized, locally led health governance to improve health access, equity, and long-term peace in Eastern Burma.